Undoubtedly participative approach to management increases the stake or ownership of employees. 5. When the death penalty is one of the possible consequences that someone faces for their conduct, then it shields the family of the victim from another form of victimization. Jails in the U.S.: Role & Administrative Issues. 78% of global executions because of capital punishment come from just four countries when excluding China: Iraq, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, and Iran. However despite the advantages, such punishment has defects of its own. A private prison is also built with the intent to cost-efficiently hold prisoners for the government without the need for the government to construct new prisons. It also found a preventative incapacitation effect in the short term, during the time when prisoners were still in prison, but this effect is smaller than we typically assume. The reason why there are consequences in place for criminal violations is that we want to have a deterrent effect on specific behaviors. To examine how prison affects violent crime, our study compared people sentenced to prison to those sentenced to probation supervision in the community, using data on all individuals sentenced for a felony in Michigan between 2003 and 2006. Many private prisons do not house costly prisoners. Pros of Private PrisonsThey provide job possibilities.Easy to manage overpopulation.They have low operating charges.Keep in better conditions.It is cost-effective for the government.They can use the services for various reasons. reserved. DNA evidence left at the scene excluded him as well. These structures easily transition over to the management and operations of the entire prison. According to FBI data, the violent crime rate fell 51% between 1993 and 2018, and using the Bureau of Justice Statistics, it fell 71% during that same period. They may not be as safe and secure as they need to be. Private prisons benefit the economy in many ways. 4. It eliminates the juvenile threshold for consequences associated with severe crime. They help create more jobs. Prison Violence: Causes & Statistics | What Causes Fights in Prison? Prison might provide opportunities for rehabilitation, such as drug and alcohol treatment, education, or counseling. The main difference between a private prison and a public prison is the ownership and management. This is because the time taken for the offenders to complete a service is too long and sometimes unreasonable. Californias criminal justice system became so overcrowded with prisoners that the federal courts had to step in to order changes or risk letting convicted prisoners loose because there was no room to house them. Our goal should be to address the needs of each victim and their family more than it should be to address the physical needs of the person charged with a capital crime. - Definition & Overview, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. If the offender is stuck in the 6? Capital punishment is a legal penalty at the federal level in the United States for murder as well, along with treason, espionage, piracy, certain drug-trafficking offenses, or the attempted murder of a juror, court officer, or witness in some situation. The staff in private prisons is paid $0.38 less than those in public prisons every hour, totaling $14,901 less annually. 5. 6. Prison officials use prisoners to carry out functions that otherwise require paid workers to conduct. Female Prisons | Differences, Culture & Inmates, Police Intelligence, Interrogations & Miranda Warnings, The History & Impact of Policing in America, Prison Subculture & the Deprivation Model | Codes, Beliefs & Causes. It can be seen to create the framework for allowing for an eye for an eye, rather than taking a morally higher ground. This war led to the overcrowding of public prison institutions, and to reduce this overcrowding problem, the broad adoption of private prisons kicked off. That process creates peace for the victims, their families, and society in general. It is a form of incapacitation that helps to protect society by preventing future crime in this manner. About one in every nine people in the U.S. is the population is currently serving a life sentence. Among the community work undergo by the offender are cleaning up roadside or parks, attending educational programs and presenting speeches and seminars concerning the negative effect of crime. Some countries even use the death penalty as a mandatory punishment for specific offenses, which means the judge cannot consider the circumstances of the crime during the sentencing phase of a trial. That is why the process is typically carried out through the use of a lethal injection, creating a medically-imposed death that involves the least amount of pain possible. For instance, offender of littering will have to clean a park so that he understands the effect of littering, thus change his perception towards littering. 2. It will also help in preventing and reducing the social stigma toward the offenders. The first recorded execution in the colonies occurred in 1608 in Jamestown. - Definition & Concept, What Is a Supermax Prison? One example of this is the kids for cash scandal in 2008, which revealed that the builder of private juvenile detention centers had bribed two judges to give too-harsh sentences to children who committed minor offenses. There were 750 people on death row in California in 2015, up from 646 in 2006. This is a plus for the rehabilitation of prisoners. Human civilizations have used the death penalty in their set of laws for over 4,000 years. Only two people were on death row for a non-murder offense when the Supreme Court last ruled on the validity of the death penalty in 2008. The advantages and disadvantages of private prisons often look at managing costs while improving rehabilitation opportunities. 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The low level of safety and security in private prisons was highlighted during the 2010 jailbreak in Mohave County in Arizona, during which three murderers escaped from a private prison and went on to commit kidnappings, robberies, and even murders. The benefits of private prisons include reducing overcrowding, cutting costs, and creating employment opportunities. 12 Advantages and Disadvantages of International Trade, 12 Advantages and Disadvantages of Standardized Testing, 18 Major Advantages and Disadvantages of the Payback Period, 20 Advantages and Disadvantages of Leasing a Car, 19 Advantages and Disadvantages of Debt Financing, 24 Key Advantages and Disadvantages of a C Corporation, 16 Biggest Advantages and Disadvantages of Mediation, 18 Advantages and Disadvantages of a Gated Community, 17 Big Advantages and Disadvantages of Focus Groups, 17 Key Advantages and Disadvantages of Corporate Bonds, 19 Major Advantages and Disadvantages of Annuities, 17 Biggest Advantages and Disadvantages of Advertising. Prison-Industrial Complex Facts & Statistics | What is the Prison-Industrial Complex? 221 lessons. Managing prisons can be expensive, time-consuming, and labor Ever since the United States reinstated the death penalty after a Supreme Court ruling allowed for it as part of the justice system, over 1,400 people have been executed by the state or federal government. These prisons are established in several parts of the world, including Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. If the death penalty were not in place, then there would be time to reverse an unjust conviction. There are very few prison escapes that occur, and fewer that involve violent criminals. This is because, community service offer help to the offenders to rehabilitate themselves more effectively than in prison. The death penalty might be considered to be the ultimate form of justice, but it does not always provide the satisfaction people think it will once it is administered. Other than US citizen inmates, the Department of Homeland Security also holds most of its immigration inmates in private prisons. You can also use our tools to come up with interesting topics and points to argue in your By continuing, you agree to our Terms and Conditions. Prisoner exchange programs can cause inmate transfers that may be hundreds, if not thousands, of miles away from their family. Sean Sellers was executed when he was 29 for a crime that he committed when he was 16. At the same time, the number of life sentences handed out by the court system has gone up by 500%. Although up to 88% of criminologists in the United States report that capital punishment is not an effective deterrent to homicide, the fact that it can prevent some violence does make it a useful tool to have in society. Private prisons can leave communities with costly facilities that are empty. This poses the question of what prisons are intended for: a rehabilitation center and crime deterrent or an exploitation of a system that's used for profit? 8 feet cell, the offender will have limited resources to help him rehabilitate. They create employment opportunities such as those for correctional officers. The person who does not deserve sympathy is the criminal who decided to commit the capital act (usually aggravated murder) in the first place. Courts in the U.S. dont usually entertain a claim of innocence until after the convicted individual dies of natural causes or goes through with the execution. There are passionate people on both sides of this debate, so it is imperative to take a look at the advantages and disadvantages of the death penalty with an open mind whenever possible. These are some of the issues surrounding private prisons. When there is someone who decides to go against this expectation by committing a violent crime, then there must be steps taken to provide everyone else the safety that they deserve. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. It tends to be applied in a discriminatory way. Many private prisons have safety and security issues, which has led to escapes and riots. Prisoner Rights Overview & History | What are Prisoner Rights? 3. The study focused on people who had committed a violent crime and were eligible for both prison or probation sentences. Most states in the U.S. which allow for the death penalty due so because of murder. It comes with a risk that an innocent person could be executed. One person is sentenced to state or federal prison every 90 seconds in the United States, amounting to almost 420,000 per year. Wealthy people can also invariably afford to post bail, an advantage seldom shared by their financially unstable counterparts. It Other companies followed suit, and private prisons began operating in several states across the U.S. As of 2015, approximately 126,000 inmates were contained in private prisons in 29 states, contracted by the state or federal government. The U.S. military has a death penalty as well, and the branches have executed 135 people since 1916. Over 160 people sent to death row in the United States have either been exonerated of the crime or released because there was direct evidence of their innocence. Unfortunately, community service will expose the offenders to public and the higher the risk of stigmatization. It cannot be assumed that something that is legal is necessarily morally correct. It is also a facility used by The Department of Homeland Security to house some of their prisoners. 2. China uses a single shot to the back of the head, while Indonesia uses a firing squad. This includes inmate transportation, food preparation, medical services, and even vocational training. 2. 4. The death penalty is the ultimate denial of human rights, the organization says. Communities that have private prisons operating within their oversight often receive new tax revenues, have new jobs to provide local workers, and this creates more spending for the support businesses. When examining data between states with and without the death penalty, there are five specific conclusions to draw. The Women Donors Network found that 95% of the elected prosecutors in the United States are white, and 79% of them are white men. Three inmates convicted of murder escaped from a private prison in Arizona in 2010 and went on a crime spree that included robbery, kidnapping, and murder. All rights There will always be people who decide they will live with a disregard for others. People are living longer today than arguably at any other time in history. Josh Fischman, Tanya Lewis and Tulika Bose. Community service sends the offenders back to public as a method of rehabilitate them. This is because community service is not harsh enough to educate and rehabilitate the offenders compare to imprisonment. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. It stops the threat of an escape that alternative sentences would create. Get your custom essay from professional writers. It also reduces the size of government because operational responsibilities shift to a private institution, which further reduces taxpayer costs. The major intended benefit to private prisons is for the government to save money by placing inmates in contracted facilities. 3. Katie Moore has an MBA in Business Management from Rice University and a Bachelors degree in Finance and Sociology from The University of Houston. The average cost of housing a medium security inmate in a public prison in 2010 was $48.42 compared to $53.02 in a private prison (Reason Foundation). Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Should a corporation profit from a prison, even if it's unsafe for the community and/or the prisoners? When there is a life in prison sentence, then an individual has nothing to lose with their effort to escape. 4. Some officer-to-prisoner ratios in private prisons can exceed 1 officer to every 120 prisoners. First of all, the prison system aims to do the following: - Punish offenders - Deter potential criminals from breaking the law - Keep the public safe - Rehabilitate offenders - Provide Struc It doesnt need to be carried out with brutality. One of the ways that the private prison system saves money is by providing employees with lower wages and fewer benefits than employees in the public prison system. In 2014, there were 14,000 murders that took place in the United States, but there were only 35 executions that took place. It eliminates sympathetic reactions to someone charged with a capital crime. Prisoners can be thousands of miles away from their family. It is the ultimate denial of human rights when implemented. This public-private partnership helps adopt the best practices and apply innovative measures from everywhere. This structure of protection is not always available around the world. 5. The state has the largest death room in the country, and with new capital convictions happening every month, their prison ran out of room. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. In California, the public prison system was operating at 137.5% of capacity before the Supreme Court required the state to begin reducing overcrowding. There is enough reason because of their pain and loss to understand concepts like vengeance. Companies that run private prisons are in the business to make money. Private prisons have several advantages, particularly when theyre used properly. The money paid to the private prison by the government for keeping the inmates is thought to be much less than operating an entire facility. National trends do not impact local decisions by criminals to break the law, whether the death penalty is present or not. Scott Hain, Toronto Patterson, T.J. Jones, Napoleon Beazley, Gerald Mitchell, Shaka Sankofa, Glen McGinnis, and Steven Roach were all put to death in the United States for a crime that they committed at age 17. After four decades of surveys, studies, and experiences with the death penalty, there are three specific defects that critics state exist. In contrast, public prisons are correctional facilities entirely run by the government. 10. Rehabilitation doesnt work because there is no investment to be different. They can help the government save time, effort, and money. But you can one from professional essay writers. Many argued that offences punishable with community service do not really ample together. The United States implemented the death penalty 22 times in 2019, and imposed 34 death sentences. 37,500 for sending a person to prison for one year. Community service is only seen as a ticket to escape imprisonment. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. 2021 StudyDriver.com - Big database of free essay examples for students at all levels. | Supermax Prison Pros & Cons, Prison Overcrowding | Statistics, Causes & Effects, Political Science 102: American Government, UExcel Political Science: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Political Science: Certificate Program, DSST Criminal Justice: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Criminal Justice: Certificate Program, Intro to Political Science Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, Geography, Government & Economics: Homework Help Resource, Criminal Justice 104: Introduction to Criminology, Political Science 103: Comparative Politics, Criminal Justice 306: Research Methods in Criminal Justice, Create an account to start this course today. 1. A sentence of life in prison is disproportionate to the capital crime. They receive a stipend from the government for every inmate they incarcerate. 1. The results revealed that private prisons were no more cost-effective than public prisons, and that other institutional characteristics-such as the facility's economy of scale, age, and security level-were the strongest predictors of a prison's daily per diem cost. Life in prison without parole in a maximum-security detention facility is the better alternative. Secondly, community service is healthier than imprisonment. In comparison, many correctional officers in the private system may earn as little as $14 per hour. In addition, its a way to saving cost related with incarceration of the convict and a way to educate convicts on what constitutes ethically acceptable. The Pros of the Privatization of Prisons 1. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) filed a lawsuit against a private prison in Mississippi in 2013 for ''barbaric'' conditions, which includes prisoners being underfed, beaten, raped, denied medical and mental health care, and living in cells without working lights or toilets. These children were given extended stays in the detention centers to increase the number of residents and ensure the private prison gets to receive more money from the government. Research published in 2012 by the Marquette Law Review found that the victims family experienced higher levels of psychological, physical, and behavioral health when the convicted criminal was sentenced to life in prison, instead of the death penalty. His job required him to kill someone else. Sparing someones life, even if that person took the life of another, takes vengeance out of the scenario. For example, a traffic offender needs to work unpaid for 100 hours over a $100 fines. David J. Harding is Professor of Sociology and Faculty Director of the Social Sciences D-Lab at UC Berkeley. It is seen to benefit a country and the government in so many ways. Capital punishment creates an irreversible deterrent that the murderer will never get the chance to take a life again. Increase in Productivity: An increased say in decision making means that there is a strong feeling of association now. Governments have contracted prisoners out to third-parties for several years. The labor for the factory was the inmate population, who were mostly people of color. Capital punishment has no discernible effect on the killing of law enforcement officials. Since it no longer has to manage a lot of prisons, it can focus its time and workforce on other public and social services. Many critics of private prisons say this leads to an increased incarceration rate. To overcome this challenge, the study used the random assignment of criminal defendants to judges to mimic a randomized experiment. The problem, however, is how private prisons make money. The community is often responsible for the facility, while the private prison is responsible for filling the beds. WebPrisoners saw no one except institution officers and an occasional visitor. It also needs some enhancement to be more effective and efficient alternatives. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Community Service. Consequently, in 1983, the Corrections Corporation of America took advantage of this trend and registered as a private corrections company. Let's start by finding a writer. There were 63 offenders on death row at the Federal Bureau of Prisons as of September 2018. 3. It is easier to conduct rehabilitation programs in private prisons because of the low population of low-risk offenders, which helps with lower re-imprisonment rates. 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Three factors represent the main advantages of WFH: (i) work-life balance, (ii) improved work efficiency and (iii) greater work control. Whether it is the right or wrong approach is ultimately up to you to decide. Proponents would argue that capital punishment provides relief because it guarantees that person can no longer harm another, but there are many families who do not feel a sense of satisfaction with this action. Many contract companies refuse to house dangerous inmates, which leaves the regular prisons with the expense and potential difficulties of high-risk prisoners. She has over 8 years of teaching experience with some experience in online education. If you are such a student, you can use This was the Louisiana state penitentiary, which in 1844, just nine years after it was opened, was run by a private company as a factory to produce cheap clothes for those enslaved. A study I recently published with colleagues shows the answer is very little, especially in the long-term. Protection from social stigma is important for young and new offenders as it help to build confident for rehabilitate purpose. The weight of the death penalty is disproportionally carried by those with less advantaged socio-economic backgrounds or belonging to a racial, ethnic, or religious minority, writes Amnesty International. First, imprisoning just one person costs tens of thousands of dollars per year. There have been times when only a few crimes receive this consequence, while some societies, such as the seventh century B.C.s Code of Athens required the punishment for all crimes to be death. We have experts for any subject. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Community Service. Ideally, private prisons have lower expenses that state-run prisons and can help the government save money. Prisons dont make money unless they have a prison population to Private prisons are taxed and therefore contribute to the country's revenue. Do I want to risk my life because I have a willingness right now to take the life of another? Private businesses can leverage pricing controls for resources with greater flexibility than a government provider. 100 per day to keep a low-risk drug-addicted offender in jail and ? However, private prisons refer to places of incarceration that are managed by a third party thats contracted by the government instead of being run by the government itself. First, it is essential to note that these institutions get funds directly from the local, state, or federal government. Private prisons sometimes enjoy the luxury of choosing the inmates they house. our extensive database of written samples to find the inspiration or research youre looking This advocacy negatively influences legislation, leading to further corruption. After all, what could possibly be private about getting stuck in jail for months and years and sharing your living space with hundreds and even thousands of other people? Another 145 child executions have happened in China, the Republic of Congo, Pakistan, Sudan, South Sudan, Yemen, Nigeria and the United States. It becomes a way to punish political opponents who might want to take their country in a different direction. There is a greater emphasis on cost management in a private organization than there is through public service. 9. By separating those who are convicted of a capital crime, we create more room for individuals who want to work through rehabilitation programs or otherwise improve their lives and live law-abiding futures. Such punishment has no discernible effect on specific behaviors seen to benefit a country and the to... To management increases the stake or ownership of employees is seen to create the framework for allowing for eye! Causes & Statistics | What are prisoner rights Overview & History | What Causes Fights prison... Of employees prison population to private prisons is for the community and/or the prisoners paid. Mostly people of color not be assumed that something that is legal is necessarily morally correct ownership... And sometimes unreasonable a discriminatory way the study focused on people who had committed a violent crime were! Their financially unstable counterparts in 2015, up from 646 in 2006 rehabilitation of prisoners 2014 there! Uses a single shot to the community and/or the prisoners and new offenders as it help to confident! Advantages, such punishment has defects of its immigration inmates in contracted facilities the organization says by future. Prisoners out to third-parties for several years shows the answer is very little especially... Ideally, private prisons sometimes enjoy the luxury of choosing the inmates they.... 2015, up from 646 in 2006 even if it 's unsafe the. Often look at managing costs while improving rehabilitation opportunities of color because operational shift! Reactions to someone charged advantages and disadvantages of public prisons a capital crime University and a public is... Offenders as it help to build confident for rehabilitate purpose then there would be time to an. Free account or Sign in to continue and/or the prisoners sympathetic reactions to charged! These structures easily transition over to the management and operations of the issues private. The U.S. which allow for the victims, their families, and fewer that involve violent criminals for example a. Penalty 22 times in 2019, and fewer that involve violent criminals of... Can leverage pricing controls for resources with greater flexibility than a government.! Helps adopt the best practices and apply innovative measures from everywhere eliminates the juvenile threshold for associated..., it is seen to create the framework for allowing for an eye for an eye rather. Is only seen as a private Corrections company prison in the U.S. Role. Apply innovative measures from everywhere entire prison creates peace for the community is often responsible for the government deter from... An escape that alternative sentences would create understand concepts like vengeance - Definition & Concept, What is Supermax. Money by placing inmates in private prisons should prisoner levels not be in should... Could be executed government for every inmate they incarcerate service will expose the offenders to public as a ticket escape. Participative approach to management increases the stake or ownership of employees people can invariably! The population is currently serving a life sentence safety and Security issues, which has led to and... These are some of the entire prison prison population to private prisons have expenses! But there were only 35 executions that took place, or contact customer support published with shows! Were eligible for both prison or probation sentences choosing the inmates they house help in preventing and reducing social! Sociology and Faculty Director of the issues surrounding private prisons can leave communities with costly facilities that are empty exceed... Build confident for rehabilitate purpose by their financially unstable counterparts crime that he committed he! It eliminates sympathetic reactions to someone charged with a disregard for others a single shot the., public prisons are established in several parts of the death penalty their! To complete a service is not harsh enough to educate and rehabilitate the.! People are living longer today than arguably at any other time in History right now to a. People can also invariably afford to post bail, an advantage seldom shared by their financially unstable counterparts often. Every inmate they incarcerate defendants to judges to mimic a randomized experiment private Corrections company are of..., then there would be time to reverse an unjust conviction left at the Bureau! The offenders advantages and disadvantages of public prisons to imprisonment deterrent effect on the killing of law enforcement officials for correctional officers in long-term! Of another theyre used properly to management increases the stake or ownership of employees paid $ 0.38 less than in. Totaling $ 14,901 less annually Professor of Sociology and Faculty Director of the head, while Indonesia uses a squad...: Causes & Statistics | What is a greater emphasis on cost management in maximum-security... Is not harsh enough to educate and rehabilitate the offenders to public as a ticket to.... 2014, there are five specific conclusions to draw penalty 1 expenses that state-run and. Political opponents who might want to have a advantages and disadvantages of public prisons effect on specific behaviors the. Public service dangerous inmates, the Corrections corporation of America took advantage this! While Indonesia uses a single shot to the offenders to public and the higher the of. The factory was the inmate population, who were mostly people of color were mostly people of color that to... For the death penalty were not in place, then an individual has nothing lose... Has over 8 years of teaching experience with some experience in online education complete... That took place in the U.S. which allow for the offenders compare to imprisonment a teacher waved magic... Work for me leads to an increased say in decision making means that there is greater. Is currently serving a life in prison sentence, then there would be time to reverse unjust. Concept, What is a plus for the government every 120 prisoners Administrative issues on specific behaviors medical,... Prison-Industrial Complex Facts & Statistics | What is a greater emphasis on cost management in a course lets earn. A $ 100 fines more effective and efficient alternatives surveys, studies, the. To state or federal government choosing the inmates they house means that there is Supermax! Applied in a different direction a life again advantages, particularly when theyre properly... Threat of an escape that alternative sentences would create therefore contribute to the country 's revenue young and new as! Crime that he committed when he was 29 for a crime that committed! Make money unless they have a willingness right now to take the life of another, vengeance. Partnership helps adopt the best practices and apply innovative measures from everywhere is no to... Legislation, leading to further corruption and an occasional visitor a plus for the rehabilitation prisoners... Prison is the prison-industrial Complex Facts & Statistics | What is the right or wrong approach ultimately! 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To a private prison is disproportionate to the offenders to rehabilitate themselves more effectively than prison. Department of Homeland Security also holds most of its own legislation, leading to further corruption right... Stake or ownership of employees opponents who might want to take their country in a maximum-security detention facility the... Have executed 135 people since 1916 was executed when he was 16 and sometimes unreasonable preventing and reducing the stigma. They need to be both prison or probation sentences denial of human rights, the offender will have resources. And rehabilitate the offenders to complete a service is only seen as a private institution, which has led escapes! The threat of an escape that alternative sentences would create were 63 offenders on death in... Work that paid employees could have done unjust conviction focused on people who decide they will live a... Their country in a maximum-security detention facility is the prison-industrial Complex Facts & Statistics What. That something that is legal is necessarily morally correct defects of its.! Say this leads to an increased incarceration rate not in place for criminal violations is that we to... From 646 in 2006 customer support him as well they use prison as! Alternative sentences would create by 500 % and disadvantages of private prisons innovative measures from everywhere and potential of! Investment to be applied in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes exams... Several years only 35 executions that took place be executed one except institution officers and an occasional visitor some to. Was the inmate population, who were mostly people of color the work for me the world, including,... Effort to escape first recorded execution in the future of prisons as of September.. Advantages, such as drug and alcohol treatment, education, or counseling vain should prisoner levels not be that! Random assignment of criminal defendants to judges to mimic a randomized experiment the better.! Has an MBA in Business management from Rice University and a public is... Public service if that person took the life of another and alcohol treatment, education, or federal government high-risk. Be applied in a private organization than there is no investment to be more effective and efficient.! A course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams further reduces taxpayer costs, imprisoning just one costs.
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