The 8-episode season follows Catherine of Aragon (Charlotte Hope) and King Henry VIII's (Ruari O'Connor) tumultuous marriage. In 1886, 10 years after . Henry Courtenay och Margaret Pole och fngslades i Towern. In 1509, when Henry VIII came to the throne after his fathers death, he married his brothers widow, Catherine of Aragon. There are only glimpses of her in these years: my lady Margaret of Clarence. Margaret, wife of Sir William Harington. Please change your browser settings to allow Javascript content to run. It is only in posteritys schoolroom view that Bosworth was the end of the Middle Ages or the end of anything; the noble families didnt think their wars were over, and indeed they were not, because in 1487 the new king was defending his throne at the Battle of Stoke. But Margaret kept any dissident thoughts to herself, avoiding jeopardy until, in the summer of 1536, the actions of her son Reginald plunged her whole family into trouble. For example, as Lord Chancellor, More proclaimed the opinion of the English universities as favorable to the kings annulment. See me safe up, he told the lieutenant who escorted him, and for my coming down let me shift for myself.. His brother came to the throne in 1509 as Henry VIII, married the widowed Catherine, and in a first flush of goodwill began to repair the damage to Margarets fortunes. Margaret was 12 years old when Henry VII defeated Richard III and claimed the crown of England by right of conquest. Was she, at this point or that, doing nothing of interest at all or was she doing everything, in a way that was almost supernaturally discreet? ODNB, "Reginald Pole"; "Geoffrey Pole". In 1499, Margarets brother Edward apparently tried to escape from the Tower of London to take part in the plot of Perkin Warbeck who claimed to be their cousin, Richard, one of the sons of Edward IV who had been taken to the Tower of London under Richard III and whose fate was not clear. It is meant to contrast with the reality of European rule, divided by ideologies and greed and self-interest. In May 1515, More was sent to Bruges as part of a delegation arranged by Wolsey to revise an Anglo-Flemish commercial treaty. It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. Later that year, Reginald was summoned to Rome, made a cardinal and put in charge of organising a crusade against England economic sanctions first, war if need be. Katharine was the kings true wife. Margaret may have been deprived of her dynastic importance, but her marriage was honourable and stable, and she retained her status, if not her familys great titles and wealth. He would arrive unbidden, to either eat with the family or walk in the garden with More, his arm slung casually about Mores shoulders. The new memorial that has been erected in front of the Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula on Tower Green marks the spot 'identified' in the Victorian period as being the . If, however, the subject lives a life of great extravagance, tell him he, too, can afford to give largely, the proof of his opulence being evident in his expenditure.. On May 27th 1541, Margaret Pole, the 8th Countess of Salisbury was executed at the Tower of London. She was pregnant at the time of her bereavement, and soon she would join the entourage of the Spanish bride. Did she, as the regime alleged, burn the evidence that incriminated her? Margaret's mother was the eldest daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick. . (2020, August 26). . [23] Her remains were later uncovered when the chapel was renovated in 1876.[24][25]. When Arthur died in 1502, the Poles lost that position. She was executed in 1541, the act of attainder rendering a trial unnecessary. Utopia is a complex and witty work which describes a city-state ruled entirely by reason. It was unlawful before man and God and thus void. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. They were preventing her marriage to the king. Margaret if it is she wears coral and ermine. An Exclusive First Look at Laura Carmichael as Maggie Pole in the Series Finale of The Spanish Princess Watch as she confronts Sir Thomas More. There was a new king, a handsome, athletic young man who had once been destined for the church. Through her website she keeps lively links with readers and writers. Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, was born at Farley Castle, near Bath, on 14th August, in or about the year 1473. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Joan, wife of Roger Swillington. Montagu, Exeter, and Margaret were arrested in November 1538. Margaret Pole, fdd 14 augusti 1473 i Bath, Somerset, England, dd 27 maj 1541 i London, England, grevinna av Salisbury, var en engelsk hovfunktionr. After her husband's death, Margaret acted as regent for her son James V, from 1513-1515. As a young man, he seriously contemplated joining the priesthood, only to become one of the most successful politicians of his time. He never explicitly courted controversy, but he felt compelled to answer the reformers such as William Tyndale. Elizabeth Throckmorton. John More was a successful lawyer who was later knighted and made a judge of the Kings Bench; he was prosperous enough to send his son to Londons best school, St Anthonys at Threadneedle Street. (Margarets paternal aunt, Margaret of Burgundy, supported Perkin Warbecks conspiracy, hoping to restore the Yorkists to power.) But in late June she was back at court by the side of Queen Jane, and the king was looking forward to an era of peace and fertility. With Margarets female peers, there is a gap between what they say and what they do, what they are and what they appear to be. Margaret was looked after well in the Tower, with Henry VIII paying for her food, clothing and a woman to attend her. For these reasons, More had no cause to suspect his monarch of anything less than fealty to their shared faith. Seldom distracted from voicing their headline concerns, her people give each other a lot of information, in unmodulated voices, each time they speak. The bridegroom Arthur was dead within months. Margaret was perhaps guilty only by association, but at this distance it is impossible to tell. Family solidarity, the code of survival, did not mean much to Reginald, brought up under an alien roof; if he were to lose his earthly family, he said, he would still have the fellowship of the saints in paradise. She answered that no crime had been imputed to her. The story of Mores last days is terribly affecting. The honor was tremendous; notably, More was the first layman to hold the office. And More was more convinced than ever that he needed to leave royal service. Allida is tongue-tied with An Impossible Thing to Say by Arya Shahi, in which an Iranian American teen in Arizonafalls in love with the new girl at school, Shakespeare, and rap music while . To ease the situation, Margaret devoted her third son, Reginald Pole, to the Church; he was to have an eventful career as a papal Legate and later as Archbishop of Canterbury. Margaret Poles house had been searched in the efforts to find evidence to back of the attainders of those executed. The next year, the late king's marriage was declared invalid by the statute Titulus Regius of 1484, making his children illegitimate. 83 ratings9 reviews. In theory, after she married, a womans personal property and real estate were at her husbands disposal. His son-in-law William Roper, whose biography of More is one of the first biographies ever written, tells us that More chose his wife out of pity: [A]lbeit his mind most served him to the second daughter, for that he thought her the fairest and best favored, yet when he considered that it would be great grief and some shame also to the eldest to see her younger sister preferred before her in marriage, he then, of a certain pity, framed his fancy towards Jane. Mr Buxton has returned to live quietly in Cranford following . London Review of Books, This was not due to any dislike of the king. Richard Pole held a variety of offices in Henry VII's government, the highest being Chamberlain for Arthur, Prince of Wales, Henry's elder son. Both men were enthusiastic Humanist scholars, but they parted ways with regard to the kings prerogative. It is unlikely she had seen him for many years, but in any case, mourning for a traitor was inadvisable. More was a well-born academic and a sincere and committed Roman Catholic. Her London palace, Le Herber, stood in a busy mercantile quarter, approximately where Cannon Street Station is now, and she rented out the tenements around as workshops, stables and an inn. Her mother, Isabel, daughter of the above-mentioned "King-maker," died 22nd December, 1476, and her father in the Tower nearly two years later. As Countess of Salisbury, Margaret managed her lands well and by 1538 she was the fifth richest peer in England. This More was fully prepared to do. After his death, and for centuries thereafter, Sir Thomas More was known as the most famous victim of Henry VIII's tyranny. https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618 (accessed March 1, 2023). It was then discovered that More had written to John Fisher, the bishop of Rochester, who was also imprisoned in the Tower for not taking the oath. The threat seemed even greater by 1538, when the two great powers, France and the emperor, signed a peace treaty which left them free to turn their attention to the pariah nation. He was made knight of the Garter, and appointed chamberlain to the young Prince of Wales. According to the account, she turned her head "every which way", instructing the executioner that, if he wanted her head, he should take it as he could. Chapuys also communicated with Reginald through his brother, Geoffrey. He did not struggle with the reduction in means, and busied himself with planning a tomb for himself and his wives , as well as defending his faith in various pamphlets. Princess Mary But in 1520 Margaret was clearly in favor with the King and Queen when she was appointed governess of the Princess Mary. Henry VII had Edward executed, leaving Margaret as the sole survivor of George of Clarence. Chapuys wrote two weeks after the execution that one hundred and fifty witnesses were present for the execution, including the Lord Mayor of London. geralmente . In 1541, Margaret was executed, protesting that she had not taken part in any conspiracy and proclaiming her innocence. Some stories even claim this was at his own request, having been permitted to choose the manner of his execution. A pearl necklace is just a shadow now. [9] Her youngest son, Geoffrey Pole, married well to Constance, daughter of Edmund Pakenham, and inherited the estate of Lordington in Sussex. She had a dispute over land with Henry VIII in 1518; he awarded the contested lands to the Dukedom of Somerset, which had been held by his Beaufort great-grandfather, and were now in the possession of the Crown. The king financed Richards funeral. Arthur had been a courtier, an able jouster and a great favourite with Henry, serving in his privy chamber. Born on the 14th August 1473, she went on to marry Sir Richard Pole in 1491. Abstract. As the heir to the throne, Mary enjoyed a separate household, and in 1525 she was sent to Ludlow to hold court. Her fiction is stiff and chary, as if she is too constrained by her knowledge of the pitfalls to turn her characters loose in their own lives. Edward IV declared that Margaret's younger brother, Edward, should be known as Earl of Warwick as a courtesy title, but no peerage was ever created for him. [2] As one of the few members of the House of Plantagenet to have survived the Wars of the Roses, she was executed in 1541 at the command of King Henry VIII, the second monarch of the House of Tudor, who was the son of her first cousin, Elizabeth of York. London, WC1A 2HN Henry was able to play peacemaker. More later memorialized her as uxorcula Thomae Mori; her gentle personality is attested to by Erasmuss letters, as he was a frequent visitor to Mores home. She, her grandson, Henry (son of her own son Henry), and Exeter's son were held together and supported by the king. His choice was Jane Colt, the eldest daughter of a gentleman farmer. But the kings horoscope was looking nasty and, according to a Spanish commentator, he aged twenty years in two weeks. London Review of Books His eldest daughter Margaret married the lawyer William Roper in 1521, and More continued his practice of prayer and supervision of learning at his home. Thomas More: A very brief history June 29, 2017; Henry VIII's Westminster Tournament 1511 June 5, 2017; . She was a patron of the New Learning, like many Renaissance noblewomen; Gentian Hervet had translated Erasmus' de immensa misericordia Dei (The Great Mercy of God) into English for her. Pierces book is thorough and scholarly, and her work is acknowledged in Higginbothams biography, which is less detailed, but serious and judicious. And while this reasoning worked to replenish the royal treasury for Henry VII, it also provided the second Tudor king with a chance to curry popular favor when he in one of his first acts as Henry VIII imprisoned and later executed Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson, who were Mortons (and his fathers) tax collectors. Margaret Pole was one of only two women in the 16 th century to hold a peerage in her own right. 1 Through his father he was descended from Edward III's son, Thomas of Woodstock, and his mother was Catherine Woodville, sister of Edward IV's queen, Elizabeth Woodville; she afterwards married Henry VII's uncle, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford. Birth City: London, England. The symbolism and importance of this decision cannot be underestimated. The popular image is of a man principled, steadfast, courageous who placed his own conscience above his kings demands. Margaret was now fully under the king's will, with no title or lands to her name, she was to be styled simply as Margaret Pole. Whatever her private feelings at this point, in public she was pragmatic and circumspect. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York), by his wife Isabel Neville. Hilary Mantelwasthe author of nine novels and three collections of short stories in addition to her prize-winning trilogy about Thomas Cromwell. But Reginald Pole refused to do so, leaving for Europe in 1532. Henry VIII married Catherine of Aragon in 1509 and Margaret was again appointed as one of her ladies-in-waiting. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. The relationship between the King and Margaret wavered a bit in 1518 when Henry repossessed some of her Salisbury lands saying they belonged to the duchy of Somerset. Henrys adult opponents were dead or driven abroad. Back in 1521, there had been a wobble in the family fortunes when the Duke of Buckingham, into whose family Ursula Pole had married, was executed for treason: Margarets eldest son, Henry Lord Montagu, had been imprisoned briefly, and her duties in the princesss household were suspended. In 1504, More was elected to Parliament and one of his first acts was to oppose Henry VIIs request of a grant of three-fifteenths. Among his guests, in fact, was the king himself. When Margaret was only four years old, her father was killed in the Tower of London where he was imprisoned for rebelling again against his brother, Edward IV; rumor was that he was drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine. [15][16], On the morning of 28 May 1541, Margaret was told she was to die within the hour. Stoke was a decisive victory. She was later regarded by Catholics as such and was beatified on 29 December 1886 by Pope Leo XIII. More suffered a sharp chest pain, possibly angina, and begged the king to release him from his duties. It seems Margaret was questioned about her contacts with Barton, but she came to no harm as a result and, unlike Gertrude, she escaped without grovelling. Most governments with a sense of self-preservation would have regarded the family with justified wariness, and likely acted against them sooner. But he himself did not sign the letter in which most of Englands nobles and prelates petitioned the pope to declare the marriage unlawful. [6] . Hilary Mantel. When her husband died in 1505, Margaret became a widow with five children. Such was his reputation that the the great universities Oxford and Cambridge made him high steward. Those two could only get along for short while before things got heated. The Duke of Clarence plotted against Edward IV and in February 1478 was attainted and executed for treason. Henry wanted Reginald to come back to England and talk the matter over, but Reginald had the sense to keep his distance. Find out more about the London Review of Books app. Read More. She also had restored to her the title to the Earldom of Salisbury. One does not have to share his religious convictions to appreciate his inner strength and noble character. Birth date: February 7, 1478. Nevertheless, she was taken from her cell to the place within the precincts of the Tower of London where a low wooden block had been prepared instead of the customary scaffold.[5]. Inventories paint the picture: tableware of silver and gold, Venetian glass, mother-of-pearl, tapestries portraying the journeys of Ulysses and the discovery of Newfoundland; the countess herself, tall, stately, wears ermine, tawny damask, black satin and black velvet. [13], In 1537, Reginald (still not ordained) was made a Cardinal. She is a former faculty member of the Humanist Institute. He was no fool; he noted Wolseys great and increasingly ostentatious wealth. The second season of The Spanish Princess premieres on Starz on Sunday, October 11. The Imperial Ambassador, Eustace Chapuys, suggested two years later that Mary be handed over to Margaret, but Henry refused, calling her "a fool, of no experience". The eldest daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, Margaret was the sister of Henry VIII. She spent much of her time at Warblington, where she was nicely placed, in the event of an invasion, to help the rebels against Henry; or so you thought, if you were one of Henrys councillors. As widows, or as deputies to living husbands, they handled complex legal and financial affairs with aplomb, while assenting outwardly at least to their status as irrational and inferior beings. In some cases, they conspired against the crown while claiming, if it went badly, that their weak female brains had been addled by male influence, and that fragility and brittleness allowed their trust to be easily abused. 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Thomas More was living in his home called The Barge at Bucklersbury, off the east end of Cheapside about 500 yards north of the Thames. ThoughtCo. And so, when More returned from a diplomatic mission to France in summer 1527, the king laid the open Bible before his favorite councilor. Reginald studied in Italy in 1521 through 1526, financed in part by Henry VIII, then returned and was offered by Henry the choice of several high offices in the church if he would support Henrys divorce from Catherine. And the king was not pleased with the young lawyer; he promptly imprisoned Mores father in the Tower until he paid a substantial fine. Ten years on, her situation was more difficult to negotiate. [4] After her husband's death, Margaret had such inadequate means to support herself and her children that she was forced to live at Syon Abbey as the guest of the Bridgettine nuns. On June 26, a special commission was established to hear the case of Thomas More. Nothing worked. at, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March (conflation of, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 21:21. Ursula Pole, married Henry Stafford, whose title and lands were lost when his father was executed for treason and attainted, restored to a Stafford title under Edward VI. She was the Spanish princess, Katharine of Aragon, one of the daughters of the Catholic rulers of Spain. Ursula Pole, Baroness Stafford the daughter of Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury and Sir Richard Pole. The chronology defeated observers, as if her life stretched back into a fabulous era when dragons roamed. Unfortunately for More, Henry appointed him Lord Chancellor of England. Ultimately, they would both become martyrs of their faith (though this show is not likely . Their destruction came with a wave of arrests in the autumn of 1538. And when the English clergy were forced to acknowledge Henry as the supreme head of their church, More attempted to resign his office. On 1 July 1535, he was indicted on high treason. It was delivered in manuscript form, but at any time it could be printed and circulated through Europe. Illustrated statistics ; Map ; Browse using this individual as Sosa/Ahnentafel #1 . On 27th May, in 1541 Margaret Pole, niece of Richard III and Edward IV, was executed at the command of Henry VIII. Likewise, Henry became understandably angry at the papacys refusal to repudiate Charles. But Margaret herself was an ornament to Henry. Thomas More and Catherine herself were wise enough to steer clear of the nun. His name was on the attainder and he was brought before the Privy Council in February 1534. The nun sought out eminent supporters, especially those who, like Margaret and like Gertrudes husband, had a claim to the throne, and pressed on them the contents of her visions: unless he went back to his wife and to Rome, Henry would expire in torments. (1) In: Ghosts and Hauntings. Mores piety was the defining aspect of his character; even as the circumstances of his life changed, it remained constant and unyielding. She was, Pierce says, intelligent, unquestionably virtuous, traditionally pious, and possessed an easy familiarity with the convoluted etiquette of a royal court. Her second son, Arthur Pole, had a generally successful career as a courtier, becoming one of the six Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber. Margaret was 14, and probably remained at court rather than living with her husband. In 1876, during restoration work on the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula, the bones of a tall, elderly woman came to light. On his accession he granted her an annuity of 100 a year and on 14 Oct 1513 he created her Countess of Salisbury and gave her the family lands of the earldom of Salisbury. But it is difficult to detect in her conduct the heroic virtues assumed by Rome, and easier to see self-protective caution at work. When that daughters father-in-law was executed by Henry VIII, the Pole family fell out of favor briefly, but regained favor. This was on 16 May 1532, the date on which the archdiocese of Canterbury, as head of the English clergy, sent a document to Henry VIII in which is promised to never legislate or even convene without royal assent, thus making the king a lay person head of the spiritual order in England. She was attended by servants and received an extensive grant of clothing in March 1541. Episode 081 of the Renaissance English History Podcast is an interview with Melita Thomas on Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. The French ambassador said she was above eighty years old when Henry VIII had her beheaded, while the Imperial ambassador said she was nearly ninety. I don't think Henry had quite the chummy relationship with Sir Thomas More that was depicted in "The Tudors" or even in "A Man for All Seasons." The story goes that when More was executed, Henry rose scowling from a game of cards with Anne Boleyn and barked at her "You are the cause of his death!" Edward was then brought out and displayed briefly to the public. Henry was negotiating a glorious marriage for Prince Arthur, to a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella. He was the child Margaret had been carrying when her brother Warwick was executed. Her son Arthur joined them, dying young, probably in the sweating sickness epidemic of 1528. But Lord Montagu attended Annes coronation as he would later attend her trial. Shrewsbury Cathedral, she is in the fourth window in front of John Fisher. Get the best results here. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". Elizabeth of York, who married John De la Pole was George's sister - making Margaret Pole, Elizabeth's aunt. And the king was now newly enamored of a young noblewoman called Anne Boleyn. Thick as thieves, More and the king continued to establish a close relationship, with More rising up in the ranks. Their old friendship was past; the kings new advisors were anti-Catholic and pro-Protestant, most notably among them was Thomas Cromwell. Here's how the cast of The Spanish Princess compares to their real-life counterparts, from Catherine to Margaret Pole. The grave of Anne Boleyn. Sir Thomas de la Pole was born circa 1378. In some versions, the plucky old girl refused to kneel at the block, and the headsman had to pin her down. As his disgrace deepened, Margaret withdrew from court. Henry VIII was a Catholic ruler, and enjoyed friendly relations with the papacy until he sought to divorce Katharine. His spirits were high when visited by family and friends, though they were only permitted to see him if they took the Oath which he had refused. Elizabeth Darrell, later Thomas Wyatts mistress, refused the oath; Lady Hussey, wife of one of Marys household, was imprisoned because she would not accept Marys exclusion from the succession and insisted on addressing her as a princess. Despite widespread belief, even amongst Protestants, that Rich was lying, his statement was enough for a fresh inquiry to begin. His desire for an annulment was now not merely to secure a legitimate heir; it was also spurred by his desire to marry Anne. He was keenly interested in theology, but he was not ordained; he was free to marry if he wished, and propagate a Plantagenet family. His father recalled him to London and he trained as a law student at New Inn and later Lincolns Inn. As a boy, More spent some time in the household of John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury. Thomas More was born on 7 February 1478 in London, the son of a successful lawyer. Pope Leo XIII beatified her as a martyr for the Roman Catholic Church on 29 December 1886. When Prince Arthur held court in Ludlow with the 15-year-old Catherine of Aragon, Richard Pole was with him, and a friendship began between the bride and the chamberlains wife which was to outlast Catherines life and have deep and lasting consequences for Margaret Pole. The reasons were various, but the most important was Katharines position as aunt to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Charles would not let his aunt be cast aside (he was also considering the dynastic appeal of her daughter with Henry), and he pressured the pope to deny Henrys petition. He impressed the cardinal enough that he was knighted upon his return and made under-treasurer of the Exchequer. A possible portrait of Margaret Pole (c. 1535). The skeleton was not complete, but part of the skull had survived, and certain other bones. Robert Bolt, A Man for All Seasons: A Play in Two Acts. She served later as a governess to Mary. 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