Code Enforcement [16] Most sovereign citizens are united in their belief that, at some disagreed upon time, the common law legal system set up by the Founding Fathers was replaced by admiralty law. [42] One infamous example of sovereign citizen violence includes the 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing. [3] See Joe Pometto, Sovereign Citizens: Deconstructing, Decoding And Deflating The Worlds Most Notorious Anti-Government Movement 813 (2020). [18] Sovereign Citizens Movement, supra note 13. Also in December, Douglas Baldwin of Del Norte County, Calif., claimed sovereign status and turned a traffic violation into jail time by violating a court order and resisting a peace officer. Corrigan refused to recognize the authority of the county and court, though he appeared in court and represented himself. A sovereign citizen will say that it worked but somebody looking at it from a legal view will say it didn't. Objectively viewed you have two answer, a short answer and a long answer. ;bL.E;1h|i5^,i+.wE/fQP~S`II>smHc2w&lsBT=7mpRP}`xC:7_:V
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4$ [7] Thus, even if a court knows in advance that they are contending with a Sovereign, they will likely not know if the individual is a traditional Sovereign, an admiralty-maritime Sovereign[8], a quantum grammar Sovereign[9], or even one of the many derivative Sovereign groups such as Moorish Americans. [27] Since that time, Blandino has filed motions to stay the proceedings, competency motions, and several additional motions seeking to disqualify almost every judge in the district. [63] See Sovereign Citizens Movement, supra note 13. 1989). [32] Id. [6] This is because Sovereign Citizens are decentralized, with specific methodologies and beliefs governed by local gurus and influencers, as opposed to universal sources of truth. An Easton, Conn., woman who says she is a member of the Moorish Science Temple, Fabiola Is Ra El Bey, in January declared her home an independent country and thus not subject to taxation or foreclosure. A sovereign citizen named Fred Jones may say "I am agent of Fred Jones" to inform you that he is not the corporate entity strawman FRED JONES and thus is beyond the court's jurisdiction. Holly Christensen is a first-year J.D. [35] Erica Goode, In Paper War, Flood of Liens is the Weapon, N.Y. Times (Aug. 23, 2013), https://nyti.ms/3xo3a8g; see also Laird, supra note 14. Ctr., supra note 8 (detailing how Sovereign Citizen leaders garner recruits from those facing a desperate financial situation as well as those who are too impatient to seek traditional measures to challenge legal or tax disputes); see also The Anti-Government Movement Guidebook, The Natl Ctr. But a contractor suspended the work four months later after finding toxic asbestos among the debris. [9] See infra Part II for an explanation of sovereign citizenship. [39] A basic premise of the deterrence theory is that the target population believes the deterrent laws are applicable to them. [34] These baseless contentions force judges to engage in a maddeningly tedious and circuitous back-and-forth with the Sovereign, leading a proceeding that would ordinarily take a few minutes to extend at nauseam, further displacing already tight dockets. 5. [10] They are anti-government extremists who believe that even though they physically reside in this country, they are separate or sovereign from the United States.[11] Over the past sixty years, several distinct groups evolved and merged to form the modern idea of sovereign citizenship; accordingly, these groups do not belong to a centralized organization with joint leaders or official beliefs but instead share similar broad beliefs about the governments jurisdiction and ability to govern its citizens. [23] Sovereign Citizens Movement, supra note 13; see also Caesar Kalinowski IV, A Legal Response to the Sovereign Citizen Movement, 80 Mont. If one wishes to see Millers mathematical interface in action, an exemplar filing is described in Borkholder v. PNC Bank, N.A., No. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. She claimed she had committed her life to stopping these unlawful acts against people all over the world.. They're annoying. Hosted by Dan Abrams, each episode includes interviews with judges, witnesses, and victims who give a first-hand account of what really happened during these intense courtroom moments. For uses beyond those covered by law or the Creative Commons license, permission to reuse should be sought directly from the copyright owner listed in the About pages. They keep digging deeper holes for themselves in quixotic confrontations with authority over everything from taxes to traffic tickets to code enforcement. The Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) refers to some sovereign citizens as domestic terrorists. 1 0 obj
[16] See Christine M. Sarteschi, Anti-vaxxers, Anti-maskers, and the Sovereign Citizen Movement, N.Y. Daily News (Aug. 14, 2021), https://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/ny-oped-anti-vaxxers-anti-maskers-and-the-sovereign-citizen-movement-20210814-3xpmibj26zhpbce3yk74qztu5m-story.html [https://perma.cc/94U9-ZXU3] (describing how Sovereign Citizen rhetoric has pervaded recent lawsuits protesting COVID regulations). [26] Varying even more are the remedies a sovereign citizen might take to reclaim their corporate shell account, which they refer to as their corporate artificial person or strawman[].[27] They believe that the government only has the authority to exercise jurisdiction over these strawmen, and thus sovereign citizens are not subject to laws, taxes, or the authority of the federal government. 2:20-cv-02157-JAD-VCF, 2021 WL 537104, at *1 (D. Nev. Jan. 19, 2021). 9#y? _.7\/_.[` @Q)<51"}oT&e|JmR5bfEvVLs}~?L\{ 7}hM(G|j
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H.T#HN DRpu%JDRXG-x]D&Y#,V Pb,W5q*vVLqgYd(>lj:I[+?WoQ[ DO^ mkeR}[[email protected]!&By~+\7d3]BbwR jaL32o,v%~*%*v%(yOwN$G?iRka)YhQAUI-}JDN_Kx|=8b89y^kP
Ft^:. =4N.EJfqR:c4U(/LEqq~*?os.RqL,sppiv*#KyY40x U)QUo ]DOL$J2>jq:; h1;o@KHJR{Zxh%)>VN,010Tq/= [50] See, e.g., Cromer v. Kraft Foods N. . The FBI picked her up at the White House on a tip from the Secret Service, after she insisted on demanding a meeting with President Donald Trump. [29] See, e.g., Blandino v. Leavitt, No. [28] These motions have required multiple reviews by both the Nevada district and appellate courts, as well as countless hours of court hearings pursuant to the motions. 229 19th Ave. South Related: Sovereign Citizen Gets Tased Trying To Enter Courtroom [35] See, e.g., id. [8] See Bauer Notice, supra note 1, at 56, 7879, 82. It has been a losing season for self-professed "sovereign citizens" trying to claim that government has no jurisdiction over them. Code 391(b) (West 1994). Visit us at aetv.com for more info. [29] This has led to the case failing to reach a final disposition almost three years down the line. hWn6>
,8MJ:{H/`2p4sfx$e gF3kZ4" 0PF3Af5:P.TY+$Lj=V1i(DIk0D24[C3=fgp>}*jbVb,zffRLf6]]\~3U1!T}3U1:7gpt/?]Un=df`q~4x#R?8\%FaBOM4e%DFVs2 Z$=T^IBV9~A[n=i,lRz-mj1Gj,l%l?f?|]*Ek?z:.^,WOb]'l eQ~X%l-W$[G~~Cz~_~N2$0 1915(g); Cal. Id. Some examples of sovereign citizens engaging in dangerous behavior include: Still another example of a sovereign citizen can be found in the case of USA v. Randall Keith-Beane, Heather Ann Tucci-Jarraf, which was concluded in January 2018. <>
[29] Instead, they declare themselves citizens of only their state, or in some cases, simply free people living under God. [63] How to mitigate the most dangerous effects of sovereign citizens, the violence and chaos of terrorist acts and riots, are beyond the scope of this article. c.(M)pQ AotL.bvRQr^L(9CITgey9GJH
c,W r3[ ht}NYsrwrIFHd)ZXvlQ! The magistrate said he could not make a determination on the jurisdiction the case would be heard in but remanded the matter to May 2 for a mention. [65] See March-Safborn, supra note 64, at 46. [12] The grossly disparate nature of the two groups practices and world views means that they might as well be (and often actually are) speaking different languages. Terry Nichols, one of the perpetrators of the bombing, had used sovereign citizen tactics in court cases and attempted to renounce his citizenship in the years prior to the bombing. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. LEXIS 111310, at *5. [31] See Pometto, supra note 3, at 6786 (discussing the Sovereign citizen toolkit, including buzz words and phrases commonly used at court proceedings). First, it is likely that imposing an injunction on Sovereign Citizens will serve to reinforce their already dismal view of the legal system and government as a whole. 'Independent' jurisdictions William Foust of Coconino County, Ariz., fought a $115 traffic ticket in December, claiming state and local authorities had no authority over him. Harder to dismiss are the effects these conspiracy theorists have on the legal system, where simple court cases can be tied up for months as sovereign citizens file thousands of documents, overwhelming prosecutors, public defenders, and judges. [28] See Kalinowski, supra note 23, at 157. According to the FBI, the sovereign citizens movement consists of individuals who are "anti-government extremists who believe that even though they physically reside in this country, they are. [70] These are statutes that identify and punish those who use legal action for the sole purpose of harassment. From left to right: Ulster County "sovereign citizens" Ed Parenteau, Jeffrey Burfeindt and Richard Ulloa, Local Policing and Immigration Enforcement, Request for Legal Assistance Economic Justice, bogus liens and fraudulent invoices totaling $1.24 trillion. [22] See Sovereign Citizens Movement, supra note 13. In 2019, Blandino was charged with extortion and impersonation of an officer after allegedly threatening a sitting judge. A judge loses his patience in the courtroom when a Sovereign Citizen is brought in on multiple charges, in this scene from Season 3, Episode 45.#CourtCamSubscribe for more from Court Cam and other great A\u0026E shows: http://aetv.us/subscribe-aeFind out more about Court Cam and watch full episodes on our site: https://www.aetv.com/shows/court-camStay up to date on all of A\u0026E's premieres at http://aetv.com/schedule.Check out exclusive A\u0026E content: Website - http://www.aetv.com/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AETV/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/aetv Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/aetv TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@aetv From frightening outbursts to furious judges, Court Cam gives viewers an in-depth examination of some of the most stunning and emotional courtroom moments caught on camera. A Geraldton 'sovereign citizen'campaigner has faced court charged with inciting his followers to arrest government ministers and other officials. In the video, she detailed her act of filing foreclosure notices, along with her fellow sovereign citizens, against the federal government as a way to reclaim Federal Reserve funds. [8] Admiralty-Maritime Sovereign Citizens believe that the common law legal system of the founding fathers was swapped for admiralty law when the United States abandoned the gold standard. The term sovereign citizen refers to an individual who does not agree with a particular law and will find any means of justifying his noncompliance with that law. [74] See Sovereign Citizens Movement, supra note 13. [53] Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 327 (1989) (To this end, the statute accords judges not only the authority to dismiss a claim based on an indisputably meritless legal theory, but also the unusual power to pierce the veil of the complaints factual allegations and dismiss those claims whose factual contentions are clearly baseless.). He claimed he never even ran a Google search to check it out. stream
This service may include material from Agence France-Presse (AFP), APTN, Reuters, AAP, CNN and the BBC World Service which is copyright and cannot be reproduced. Minneapolis, MN 55455, Tel: (612) 625-9330 [34] See, e.g., DMV Hearing Featuring Sovereign Citizen Marc Stevens, supra note 25 (repeatedly challenging the applicability of the states laws to the defendant). Mr Glew, who is part of an informal movement of sovereign citizens, told Mr Walton he wanted the case sent to the High Court. In February, a Sarasota, Fla., homicide detective, Tom Laughlin, was fired after renouncing his U.S. citizenship and claiming he was no longer subject to federal law and not required to pay taxes. See :JUDGE: David-Wynn: Miller, http://www.dwmlc.com/ [https://perma.cc/QE3K-L39F]. [30], Sovereign citizen arguments often, but not always, include religious elements. endobj
The term "sovereign citizen" refers to an individual who does not agree with a particular law and will find any means of justifying his noncompliance with that law. Find it in the section Postcards from the Basque Country on todocoleccion. There's a lot of sovereign activity in traffic court, owing to the way they positively ask for interaction with the police by driving with phony plates and so on. During this time, Beane supposedly stumbled upon a YouTube video that was being promoted by Tucci-Jarraf which talked about a secret bank account held by the Federal Reserve, that there was a glitch to access it, and gave instructions on how to use that glitch. [66] A potential deterrent to paper terrorism is a uniform approach to those who use abuse judicial proceedings. In one of the first cases of its kind, 12 sovereigns in North Georgia charged with stealing properties worth millions of dollars including mansions and a strip mall in Atlanta's wealthy Buckhead neighborhood are being prosecuted under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act. [37] See Matt Lakin, Records: Sovereign Citizens Waged War of Paper Terror, USA Today Network, (Feb. 18, 2017, 8:25 AM), https://bit.ly/3E3IALw; Goode, supra note 35; Laird, supra note 14. 'Paper terrorism' See supra note 9 and accompanying text. Legislatures and Courts have established rules to punish those who file frivolous or false lawsuits. [12] The Southern Poverty Law Center estimates that there are over 300,000 purported sovereign citizens in the United States. Govt (Nov. 2012), 07_Crowell Gatekeeper orders Jan 262010.pdf (unc.edu) [https://perma.cc/S7JU-GSZW]. [17] Sovereign Citizens Movement, supra note 13. HUMo@#{`Eb(U8TCLrFNl!ev|yXH_jb}bi.Qc$H)lu#mk%xRlk,w}vBS#>E-F1/z`P{4HU'}OxXy]sB=-na1E{MxOZU9n3smJF#
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T)O)T`-j"eml4\%\#}@xi*t\pp). [41] Additionally, specific deterrence likely does not serve as a viable rationale for increased penalties because Sovereign Citizens are often either political radicals or in a financially desperate situation. Sovereign Citizen was created to provide a resource for like minded individuals to learn about (and laugh at) people who have declared themselves "sovereign citizens", especially those who run afoul of the law. [19] See Sovereign Citizens Movement, supra note 13. [54] Additionally, efforts by governmental agencies or non-profit legal organizations to publish online educational sources covering the pitfalls of Sovereign Citizens would provide a counter force preempting Sovereign guru propaganda on Sovereigns most fruitful medium. Give Us Some Credit: Creating More Viable Public Financing Programs Through Tax Credits and Democracy Vouchers. I so wanted them to taze him again, just for being a douche. [5] Between alleging that she is a victim of both entrapment[6] and libel,[7] Bauer argued that due to illegitimacy of judges, lawyers, and the federal government as a whole, she is not subject to American laws, taxes, and judgements. Squatters Several solutions to sovereign citizens abuses of the legal system could help mitigate or prevent their ability to abuse. ; see also Christine Sarteschi, Sovereign Citizens: More Than Paper Terrorists, Just Sec. [20] Sovereign Citizens Movement, supra note 13. 21-cr-00386 (D. D.C. 2021), https://bit.ly/3O7jSOU. [42] For radicals, additional statutes such as Illinois will only serve to reaffirm their views that corruption permeates the American government;[43] while the financially despondent are often turning to Sovereign Citizen tactics as a last resort, by which time statutes calling for additional sanctions on frivolous court filings are unlikely to play a significant role in their legal calculus. However, in my state it has been my experience they recognize the Sheriffs authority but . [2] See Criminal Complaint, United States v. Bauer, No. Key points: The 74-year-old indicated a not guilty plea to incitement to commit an indictable offence Around 40 supporters rallied outside the Geraldton Magistrates Court Additionally, he had shared one of Tucci-Jarrafs posts on his Facebook page a few days prior to flaunt his newfound wealth. g"w1 [71] Most states has passed some version of a vexatious litigant statute; the statutes usually involve specific standards that, once satisfied, are met with punishments ranging from fines to prohibition from taking legal action. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. [45] A commitment surely bolstered from the pecuniary benefits they enjoy from publicizing their ideologies.[46]. Sovereign Citizens: a riddle, wrapped in a mystery, inside an enigma. The burdens Sovereigns place on court time is not limited to their motion practice antics. In Natrona County, Wyo., officials battled for months to force Ed Corrigan to clear debris, broken-down vehicles and other junk from the property he occupies. Three sovereigns one who had been ticketed for driving without a license and two who had been arrested for trespassing at a foreclosed house bombarded police, government officials and bank executives in Ulster County, N.Y., with bogus liens and fraudulent invoices totaling $1.24 trillion. [15] See, e.g., Anna Harman, Recent Vaccine Mandates Raise Questions and Controversy Over Constitutional Rights, Cedars (Oct. 2, 2021), https://cedars.cedarville.edu/2021/10/recent-vaccine-mandates-raise-questions-and-controversy-over-constitutional-rights/ [https://perma.cc/Z9PJ-6BC4] (discussing whether schools, businesses, and governments have the authority to issue vaccine requirements). Anyone got a follow up? for State Ct. 9 (1999), [https://perma.cc/ T5NJ-VXFY] (claiming that the common denominator among Sovereign Citizens is a feeling of despair, rooted in pecuniary loss, and manifested in government distrust). Roderick and Amber Moore of Kansas City pleaded guilty in January to filing masses of false sovereign-style paperwork in an attempt to discharge $220,000 in debts. [28] Most sovereign citizens declare this immunity to laws of the United States corporation by filing non-legal documents, in which they renounce their citizenship in the federal corporation of the United States. The Sovereign belief system. An example of a sovereign citizen is someone who refuses to pay his income taxes, and then presents " evidence " as to why he should not have to pay them. Members of the sovereign citizen movement include everyone from litigants and tax protesters, to those who promote financial schemes. The once-isolated political sect has ballooned to over 300,000 followers, and the rapid proliferation of their pseudo-legal ideologies is severely compromising court efficiency. [72] This approach targets both attorneys and pro se litigants that have met specific criteria, neutralizing the inevitable argument that restrictions on sovereign citizens are tantamount to discrimination based on political philosophy and creed. 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Three sovereigns one who had been ticketed for driving without a license and two who had been arrested for trespassing at a foreclosed house bombarded police, government officials and bank executives in Ulster County, N.Y., with bogus liens and fraudulent invoices totaling $1.24 trillion. [26] See Pometto, supra note 3, at 106 (It is the tactic of the Sovereign Citizen to defect, delay, and create a buffer between themselves and the judge.). [47] See Sullivan, supra note 14, at 801. The burly man struggled to break free as he was escorted out of a courthouse . B. Assn J. The sovereign citizen movement refers to a group of people who see themselves as answerable only to the laws as they interpret them, not as they are written. [37] See Stork & Beumer, supra note 12, at 46. The sovereign citizen movement is a loose grouping of litigants, activists, tax protesters, financial scheme promoters and conspiracy theorists, who claim to be answerable only to their. See Charles E. Loeser, From Paper Terrorists to Cop Killers: The Sovereign Citizen Threat 93 N.C. L. Rev. Beyond the inconvenience these cases cause, it is the responsibility of the legal community to contest misleading and destructive legal theories with accurate information to create a more just and fair legal system for all citizens of the United States. [47] The benefits of pre-filing injunctions are obvious; they remove the Sovereign Citizens favorite weapon from their arsenal by requiring a judge to sign off on any filings proposed by the pro se litigant. [42] See supra notes 3 and 19 and accompanying text. [24] See, e.g., Marc Stevens, Adventures in Legal Land: Where Black is White and White is Black and Other Shocking Discoveries From Americas Courtrooms (Moses Antonio ed., 2016) (providing scripts and strategies from Sovereign Citizen guru Marc Stevens on how to beat court charges). [48] However, the limitations of pre-filing injunctions are just as apparent. If the radical beliefs that originally defined Sovereign Citizens have faded, what contemporary forces perpetuate the groups existence? [13] See Sovereign Citizens Movement, S. Poverty L.
Map. [64] Some states use their criminal and civil procedure rules to ward off sovereign citizens and punish abuses of the legal system, often by awarding damages to the victims or sanctions to the attorneys who participate in these lawsuits. [42], The sovereign citizen movement is broad, varied, and complex. [21] See Mellie Ligon, Comment, The Sovereign Citizen Movement: A comparative Analysis with Similar Foreign Movements and Takeaways for The United States Judicial System, 35 Emory Intl L. Rev. [25], Admittedly, the explanation above is a vast oversimplification of the beliefs of the sovereign citizen movement. SPLC is a nonprofit, tax-exempt 501(c)(3) organization (EIN: 63-0598743). The Flagship Publication of Penn State Law, I, me, Pauline from the house of Bauer challenge the courts [sic] jurisdiction over me, a living woman, one of we the people, creator of Government.[1] So begins a ramblingand often incoherent114-page notice to the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Visit us at aetv.com for more info. [2] Id. This notice declared that Pauline Bauer, a Pennsylvania woman who was charged with disorderly conduct and trespass after her involvement in the Capitol Riots on January 6, 2021,[2] is not a person,[3] but instead a living soul.[4] Because of this, Bauer claims she is not subject to the jurisdiction of the United States judicial system. The sovereign citizen phenomenon is one of the main contemporary sources of pseudolaw: adherents to its ideology notably believe that courts have no actual jurisdiction over people and that the use of certain procedures (such as writing specific phrases on bills they do not want to pay) and loopholes can make one immune from government laws and 49 89 Frauditor_Huntress 5 days ago Round 2 Adam Sovereign Citizen stopped by police, officer is hilarious. For although Sovereign Citizens come in countless varieties, their various legal practices can all be boiled down to a common strategy: a war of attrition. A reflexive answer to the Sovereign Citizen problem is to rely on old-fashioned, retributive justice in the form of elevated fines or sanctions for contemptuous actions and baseless motions. If and when a court manages to negotiate Sovereign litigants plethoric filings to hold an actual hearing, the unfortunate presiding judge can expect a barrage of outlandish pseudo legalese, often from agitated individuals. This is because in order to obtain an injunction, the moving party will have to make a showing of improper filings meant to harass or waste the courts time. Traffic tickets Sovereign citizens may want to bring their own court reporters to court proceedings. [41] Other sovereign citizens result to violence and chaos. 297, 301, 303 (2021) (noting that the typical sovereign citizen is typically either the financially despondent or those discouraged with the American bureaucracy and suggesting that the financial crisis of 2008 catalyzed Sovereign Citizen growth in America). the Federal Reserve). [56] Until that overhaul occurs, judicial expediency will likely remain at the mercy of Sovereign Citizens and their paper war. [39] See Goode, supra note 35 (discussing liens filed against the district attorney in Gadsden, Alaska, and describing dealing with these liens as nightmarish). The sovereign citizen movement is a loose grouping of litigants, activists, tax protesters, financial scheme promoters and conspiracy theorists, who claim to be answerable only to their. [13] As is the case if the court is addressing a David Wynn Miller Quantum Grammar disciple. 153, 153 (2015) (describing how Sovereign Citizens will sometimes refer to themselves as freemen of the land or organic citizens as recognition that the current government represents a prior illegitimate usurpation). Minnesota Law Review use a patchwork of misinterpreted old English law, constitutional text and Bible verses to form pseudo-courts, which they call common law courts, or entirely new governments, which they describe as assemblies.). 13, 2010), https://bit.ly/3jrLf8t. That's basically what a sovereign citizen is. Proc. "The RIGHT of the citizen to DRIVE on the public street with freedom from police interference, unless he is engaged in suspicious conduct associated in some manner with criminality is a FUNDAMENTAL CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT which must be protected by the courts." People v. [36] Additionally, some attorneys have used Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or its state analog as a basis for sanctioning Sovereign Citizens who file meritless paperwork. <>>>
The copyright of these individual works published by the University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing remains with the original creator or editorial team. [17] Additionally, it is hardly surprising that the growing inclination for some political groups to jump aboard the Sovereign bandwagon has coincided with a significant decline in public trust of the judicial system. Understanding the Sovereign Citizens origin story helps to contextualize their superpowered ability to decelerate legal actions. 19 ] See Sovereign Citizens have faded, what contemporary forces perpetuate the groups existence legal... Of their pseudo-legal ideologies is severely compromising court efficiency him again, for! Some Credit: Creating More Viable Public Financing Programs Through Tax sovereign citizen wins in court and Democracy Vouchers refers to Sovereign! D. Nev. Jan. 19, 2021 ) note 12, at 56, 7879, 82 estimates that are. 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