Inmates said Mengele ''conveyed the impression of a gentle and cultured man'' and spoke of the ''cheerful expression on his face . they fascinated him considerably.'' ''Angel of Death'' kept silent, shielding the secret that protected one of the most infamous Nazi fugitives. From that point on, it would have been better if the Mossad had let the past go. Lidia Maksymowicz saw Auschwitz liberated by the Red Army on January 27, 1945. . Documents and interviews reveal that contrary to popular belief, for most of the time that Mengele was in hiding, the Mossad wasnt looking for him at all or placed finding him far down its to-do list. Though much about his wartime activities was known, the German government had not requested his extradition, and even supplied him with documents clearing him of a criminal record. In the morning, Rolf and his cousin would climb into bed with their uncle, and he would tell them stories about the fighting on the Russian front. By that time, the elder Mengele had moved on to southern Bavaria, finding refuge in the home of a German pharmacist who, Rolf says, was a fellow member of the SS. Petra Kelly, deputy director of Germany`s Green Party who also was born in Guenzberg, indicated that Mengele may have made clandestine visits to the town in the early years of his exile. The relatives` silence has frustrated some in Guenzburg who are unhappy about the reputation of their town but still feel loyalty to the family that provides jobs for 1,200 people, one-fourth of the city labor force. Mengele's friend revealed something of this motivation when he told me that Mengele saw his work as having bearing on selecting national leaders ''not on a political basis but on a biological basis.'' Mengele was outraged, and he left the room, ordering the radiologist to remain. ", From the "Guilt without atonement" series, a project of DW's Polish department, the Interia portal and the Wirtualna Polska media group. "I lived in Auschwitz the longest." with such a face that I would think he's mad.''. ''The burden we bear is not just Guenzburg`s but our entire people`s. It was ''literally impossible,'' the survivor said, ''to transmit the edge of this terror.''. (According to the Mossads file, the organization was aware that it was helping a Nazi criminal escape justice.) She refuses to discuss him. But Koeppler voiced doubt that the body found in Brazil is the doctor`s. . At the time, Mengele was using the alias Fritz Hollmann, the name that also appeared in his discharge papers. The final step in Mengele's research on a number of the twins was dissection. The state of Bavaria used public funds to bail out a nearly bankrupt agricultural machinery firm owned by the family of Nazi war criminal Josef Mengele, a newspaper said Friday. Most of the letters were addressed to Wolfgang Gerhard, an Austrian Nazi Mengele befriended in Brazil. They spoke of being examined as frequently as twice a week for a period of five months in late 1944, and also remembered vividly a special visit to the Auschwitz main camp for photographs. The company has been in family hands for three generations and is currently headed by Josef Mengeles nephews, Karl-Heinz and Dieter Mengele. They rebuffed the media by speaking irritably about ''an obsession with the past.''. Survivors repeatedly commented on his confusing duality of affection and violence, an extreme manifestation of the process I call ''doubling. It was present in his remark to a Jewish woman doctor who was pleading vainly for the life of her father: ''Your father is 70 years old. . Josef Mengele, became known as the angel of death at the Auschwitz death camp in Poland during World War II and was blamed for the deaths of 400,000 Jews, Gypsies, Poles and others. Verschuer, his mentor, was taking science in a Nazi direction when he declared that research with twins would demonstrate ''the extent of the damage caused by adverse hereditary influences'' as well as ''relations between disease, racial types, and miscegenation.'' . His continuing ''metamorphosis'' into an ordinary mortal can be enhanced by probing his motivations and behavior. Mengele and his colleagues The inmate anthropologist used quality Swiss instruments and wore a white coat ''like a physician. '', One inmate doctor, in his own excruciating struggles to come to terms with Mengele, thought of him as ''the double man'' who had ''all the human feelings, pity and so on,'' but also had in his psyche an ''impenetrable, indestructible cell, which is obedience to the received order.''. Shortly before the Red Army reached Auschwitz in January 1945, Mengele fled to Germany and hid under a false name near Gnzburg. It was reported that Mengele had lived out much of his last 25 years in lonely, despairing isolation, that he had fallen in love with a housemaid. It was to culminate in marriage in Montevideo, Uruguay, two years later. He was enabled to feel nothing in killing a young twin, even one he had been fond of, to make a medical point. WebProfessional Standards. Mengele's approach was different only in being ''terribly detailed. . The business is one of the largest West German farm equipment makers, with annual sales of $83 million. Every intelligence operation carries risks. It was late at night. And there is no lack of present-day enemies who did and apparently always will. One described him as ''a monster, period,'' and another as ''no more doctor than anything else.''. syringe. The myth of Mengele's demonic stature was given added support by the often misleading rumors about his life after Auschwitz. Call or Email Heather Bregger now - (828) 348-6733. Read more:Remembering Himmler's 'Auschwitz decree' to exterminate Roma and Sinti, Zdenek Zofka, a historian from Gnzburg who published a book about the town during the Nazi era, writes that Mengele was neither a sadist nor a fanatic. We were always sitting together - always nude. It was his hands. The capture and trial of Eichmann and his execution were enough to teach the world about the Holocaust and to convey the message that Jewish blood cannot be spilled with impunity. He was reluctant to have his father brought to trial, Rolf Mengele said in the statement, because of the wounds it would have inflicted on him and his family. After some silence, Mengele added, ''Yes, I dissected them.'' For the first time, its possible to say why the Mossad failed to apprehend the man who was perhaps the most wanted Nazi to survive World War II. Another inmate doctor spoke of Mengele's role as ''very important, more than that of the others.''. My new research sheds light on a time when realism and maturity shaped the agencys priorities, rather than an understandable desire to spill Nazi blood. His Path to South America : After World War II, Mengele spent three-plus years in hiding in Israeli operatives installed listening devices in Rolfs home and office, and in his phones. In 1982, the agency even considered abducting a 12-year-old boy and threatening to take his life unless his father, Hans-Ulrich Rudel, a devoted Nazi and a childhood friend of Mengeles, gave them the information that could lead to his capture. . The modern Mengele family does not want to have anything to do with the past not even with projects that commemorate his uncle's victims. To help him get to South America, family members purchased, at considerable cost, a forged passport. He had a peculiar explanation for the "indisputable" cultural achievements of the Jews: the fact that "they always lived with peoples of a high cultural level like Moses in Egypt, Einstein in Swabia, Mendelssohn in Germany or Disraeli in England". He was ''very sensitive about bad smells,'' an inmate doctor reported, so that before he arrived, ''the doors and windows had to be opened.'' It wasn't until 1985 that his death became known. CPI Aero signs contract with Sikorsky Black Hawk fuel assemblies. . VILNIUS, Lithuania, March 20 (UPI) -- Military conscription returns to Lithuania amid Eastern Europe's military tension. AUSCHWITZ WAS BOTH AN ANNIHILA-tion camp and a work camp for German industry. One Gunzburg defender of Dr. Mengele is Josef Baumeister, a former schoolteacher who knew Dr. Mengele and has caused heated debate in the local ''On the one hand, he was my father,'' Rolf Mengele said. More than any other SS doctor, he seemed to find his calling in Auschwitz. For the first time in Rolf`s life, he received an allowance and was permitted to order food in a restaurant like an adult, telling the waiter what he wanted. The "Sepharad" term that Jews call Spain has no, 'Jews have never allowed to be exhumed to confirm the presence of these murdered Jews.' Mothers of young female twins were sometimes allowed to stay with their children, though usually only temporarily, in order to help the twins remain in good physical and mental condition - and on occasion to contribute to information about heredity and family history. Hannah Arendt gave currency to a concept of the banality of evil in her portrayal of Adolf Eichmann as a rather unremarkable bureaucrat who killed by meeting schedules and quotas. . Another prior trait, Mengele's schizoid tendencies, were reflected in survivors' accounts of his ''dead eyes'' - eyes that showed no emotion, that avoided looking into the eyes of others. The German race would have to be cured and its genes improved. When Bavarian Prime Minister Franz Josef Strauss visited Israel last winter, he was confronted with allegations that the company had been transferring money to a Swiss bank account for Mengele. For his pathologist, Dr. Miklos Nyiszli, he provided a special dissection room complete with porcelain sinks and a dissecting table of polished marble. ''I will make every effort and see to it that nothing is left behind that, in some way or other, could be interpreted negatively,'' he wrote. ( The Jewish Chronicle ) When Rolf Mengele, the son of Josef Mengele, finally got to meet his notorious father hiding out in Brazil in 1977, his father flatly denied According to his friend, Mengele arrived at the camp with a special aura because he was coming more or less directly from the front. One of the most wanted Nazi war criminals, because of the experiments he conducted on children and other inmates, Mengele apparently lived his last years suffering intense abdominal pains. The Mengele family firm, Soehne Maschinenfabrik und Eisengiesserei GmbH und Co. of Guenzburg, Bavaria, specializes in agricultural machinery and is the largest of its kind in Europe. Scientists believe they've found untapped helium reserves, Person hired to promote new 'Scream' movie prompts 911 calls, Polish basketball player breaks slam dunk world record, Most Americans with diabetes don't get recommended new medications, Extra food support ends for millions of low-income U.S. taxpayers. But she would not consider following her husband into an uncertain future in a distant country. WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE man who arrived in Auschwitz in May 1943 is not especially remarkable. ", Read more:Holocaust survivor celebrates 104th birthday with 400 descendants. "When I heard his footsteps, I crawled under the pallet, ducked and closed my eyes. That fear also activated his sadism and extreme psychic numbing. Many children died during these experiments; others were deliberately killed. Dr. Olga Lengyel, an In January 1976 an entry reveals that Mengele was reading the memoirs of Albert Speer, Hitler's architect and armaments minister. He equated Yasir Arafat with Hitler. She said she did not know where her husband was. Abcarian: Mask mandates? A management consultant was hired to save the firm from insolvency, and several banks waived their demands on the firm, Jaumann said. Without Auschwitz, he would probably have kept his destructive potential under control. Nazi doctors would weed out for the gas chamber the weakest patients, those thought unlikely to recover in two or three weeks. Even if his real identity had been known to the U.S. Army, the magazine says, it was doubtful that he would have been arrested, because Josef Mengele was not yet on the its list of wanted war criminals. Mike Harari, the chief of the agencys special operations unit, Caesarea, in the 1970s, told me shortly before he died in 2014 that he wished they had pursued him: As long as theres still a Nazi breathing in any corner of the world, we should have helped him stop breathing.. He has been seen as the embodiment of absolute evil, a doctor pledged to heal who kills instead. ''By marrying the widow of his brother, Josef Mengele may have taken possession of his share in the company.''. ", As a girl, she said, she would warn the children with whom she was playing not to "shout so loud otherwise, the Germans will come. But over the course of committing evil acts, an ordinary person becomes something different. I am not sure I agree. Crucial to that emergence is an ideology or world view, a theory or vision that justifies or demands evil actions. A headline in Britain's Daily Express newspaper called it "The Town Where Dr. Death Still Casts His Evil Shadow.". It was not until West German investigators began to piece together the last years of Mengele`s life and interview others who knew and helped him that Rolf began to cooperate. In 1992 DNA tests showed conclusively that it was. MAINLY TO PURSUE HIS studies of twins, Mengele set up an Auschwitz caricature of an academic research institute. An inmate radiologist told of a pair of gypsy twins, ''two splendid boys of 7 or 8, whom we were studying from all aspects - from the 16 or 18 different specialties we represented.'' '', He was also intent upon gaining personal recognition as a scientist. The family quickly labeled the allegations as lies, and the Bavarian government later said there was no indication the payments had been made. In the end, Rolf says, it was his mother who wanted to get out of the marriage. '', Measurements were taken of the twins' skulls and bodies and various characteristics of the nose, lips, ears, hair and eyes. Along with several other doctors, he was questioned in 1958 on suspicion of practicing medicine without a license when a teenage girl died after an abortion, but he was released without charge. When Mengele himself performed the examination, they said, he was very proper and methodical: ''He concentrated on one part of the body at one timelike [one day] he measured our eyes for about two hours.'' You may occasionally receive promotional content from the Los Angeles Times. During Rolf`s visit to Sao Paulo in 1977, Josef had sworn to his son ''by the eyesight of my mother'' that he had ''never killed or personally harmed anyone.''. Twins had unique status. For Mengele has long been the focus of what could be called a cult of demonic personality. The body of a man who drowned off a beach in in Brazil in 1979 was identified last year as that of Mengele by a team of international experts. The marriage was dissolved in 1954. As early as 1935, Verschuer had written of the absolute necessity of research on twins to achieve ''complete and reliable determination of what is hereditary in man.''. See the article in its original context from. The capture, trial and execution in the early 1960s of Adolf Eichmann, the bureaucratic organizer of the Holocaust, led many people to believe that the Mossad would next want to get its hands on Mengele. Mengele's ideological worship, then, included the worship of Nazified ''science,'' and from that stand-point he told his friend that ''it would be a sin, a crime . ''Nobody in Guenzburg believes this was a love match,'' said the news magazine Der Spiegel. He walked back and forth, an inmate recalled, ''a nice-looking man'' with a riding crop in his hand who ''looked at the bodies and the faces just a couple of seconds'' and said, ''Links [left] , Rechts [right] , Links, RechtsLinks, RechtsLinks, Rechts.''. In this process, each part-self behaved as a functioning whole: the Auschwitz self enabling him to function in that murderous environment and to exploit its human resources with considerable efficiency; the prior self enabling him to maintain a sense of decency. ''For that reason, it was no typical father-son relationship,'' he said. ''I think if he had died in 1979,'' the mayor said, ''the family would have declared to the world, `Our uncle is dead. In 2009, Alois Mengele's son, Dieter, created the Familie Dieter Mengele Sozialstiftung, a foundation that reports having donated over a quarter of a million euros to charitable causes. The prisoners called Mengele the "angel of death.". Rolf Mengele, a 41-year-old lawyer in the city of Freiburg, on Tuesday released a statement saying that a body exhumed June 6 near Sao Paulo, Brazil, is that With the Auschwitz self, Mengele's potential for evil became actual, even as he maintained elements of his prior self that included affection toward children. "I was unable to love properly," said Maksymowicz, who is now 79. The two were born on the same day, and the Israelis hoped they would call each other to say happy birthday. But they calculated that this may be the last opportunity to hear from Mengele. "Gnzburg was not a Nazi stronghold," former Mayor Rudolf Kppler said, calling it a place neither worse nor better than other German towns. His friend suggests something else special about Mengele: He had asked to be sent to the Auschwitz death camp because of the opportunities it could provide for his research. This passion for cleanliness actually became part of Mengele's selection esthetic. . Also, Rabbi Marvin Hier, dean of the Simon Wiesenthal Center for Holocaust Studies in Los Angeles, said his office recently learned about two phone calls last year to Mengele`s son, Rolf, in West Germany. To inmates, he seemed to have an inner compulsion to get a great deal accomplished quickly in a personal race against time. Jaumann was traveling Friday and could not be reached for comment on the newspaper report. Bavarian Economic Minister Anton Juamann said Bavaria's state government helped bail out the 110-year old agricultural machinery firm, which has been in the Mengele family for three generations. Mengele, Dr. Lengyel recalled, ''could show up suddenly at any hour, day or night. TEL AVIV For decades, Israels espionage agency, the Mossad, kept a file on Josef Mengele, the Nazi doctor responsible for, among other atrocities, selecting An inmate anthropolo-gist whom Mengele had eagerly recruited to assist him described the arrival of a group of Hungarian Jews ''like a river . One of them, for instance, spoke to me of his yearning to see ''this metamorphosis of turning him back into a person instead of God Almighty.'' He could compare measurements and bodily features. The Mengele family firm, Soehne Maschinenfabrik und Eisengiesserei GmbH und Co. of Guenzburg, Bavaria, specializes in agricultural machinery and is the largest of its kind in Europe. Hollmann`s first task was sorting potatoes, separating those suitable for cooking from those to be used as feed for the livestock. The Los Angeles Times Syndicate has purchased the North American rights to the Bunte articles for an undisclosed amount; Bunte was reported to have asked between $200,000 and $350,000. The Nazi doctors were assigned, on a rotating basis, to stand on the ramp and select those prisoners who would live, as workers at the camp, and those who would be killed. FRANKFURT, West Germany (AP) _ Nazi war criminal Josef Mengele has a son who works as a lawyer in the Black Forest region of West Germany, while other relatives run a prosperous farm machinery company in Bavaria. Sometimes Mengele himself presided over the murder of his twins. Mengele`s evasion also was aided by his vanity. .'' It was the coming together of the man and the place, the ''fit'' between the two, that created the Auschwitz Mengele. ''In many ways it was a relationship like that to a stranger, or an outside person.''. The Munich daily Sueddeutsche Zeitung said Bavarian Economic Minister Anton Jaumann confirmed the bailout but refused to say how much public money went to rescue the 110-year-old firm, which was founded by Mengeles father, Karl. He often sent prisoners with skin blemishes - even those with small abscesses or old appendectomy scars - to the gas chamber. Mengele's marriage to a professor's daughter was in keeping with his academic aspirations. THOUGH USUALLY COOL IN HIS CONDUCT OF SELEC-tions, Mengele was passionate in pursuing his ''scientific research.'' Over the last eight years, while conducting research for a book on Nazi doctors, I have sought answers to these questions. Across the table from me sat Dieter Mengele, the companys largest stockholder and co-chief executive with Karl-Heinz Mengele, his brother, who was said to be unavailable. '', The mayor added that the publicity has created a ''monstrous shadow'', over the town. The people who survived his experiments remain scarred; his birthplace struggles with his legacy. Mengele became a true ideologue: a man who understood his life to be in the service of a larger vision. Koeppler feels Mengele`s relatives in Guenzburg--two sisters and two nephews--should ''clear the air.'' The world watched in fascination as scientific examination seemed to confirm that these were the right bones. A commendation declared that he had ''acquitted himself brilliantly in the face of the enemy,'' and he received five decorations, including the Iron Cross First Class and Second Class. In September, two U.S. officers arrived at Autenried, a town where Mengele`s wife, Irene, and son were staying, and asked for Josef Mengele. The file is thousands of pages long and documents the Mossads efforts to capture or assassinate the war criminal: countless hours of labor, huge sums of money, scores of agents and sources, wiretaps, break-ins, secret photographs and just about every other ploy in the espionage tool kit, including recruiting Nazis and journalists. I N HIS PLAY ''THE DEPUTY,'' Rolf Hochhuth creates a fiendish Nazi character known only as ''the Doctor,'' modeled after Mengele, who is described as hav-ing ''the stature of Absolute Evil,'' as ''only playing the part of a human being. In 1974 Wolfgang Gerhard, writing from Austria, suggested that he should return to Europe for medical treatment for his pains, saying he should go before he got too old to travel - he was 63 - and that it would not be as difficult as he was imagining. They dealt with physical characteristics and abnormalities and, in each case, emphasized the role of heredity -an emphasis in keeping with trends in German and international scholarship at the time. '', The twins lived in an atmosphere that combined sanctuary with terror. The Mossads South American station chief cabled the headquarters in Israel: Zvi saw on Gerhards farm a person who in form, height, age and dress looks like Mengele. It later turned out that he was indeed Mengele. In a process I call ''doubling,'' a new self takes shape that adapts to the evil environment, and the evil acts become part of that self. Josef Mengele, the "Angel of Death" at Auschwitz concentration camp, spent his last years in his Brazilian hideaway lonely, depressed and short of money, according to 86 letters, notes and diaries discovered filed away in a Sao Paulo police archive. I was very relieved that this solution (Mengele`s death) took place and no other, maybe through a trial--as important as this certainly would have been from a different viewpoint.''. . Mengele seemed well on his way toward an academic career. They were frequently permitted to keep their own clothing. Though ordinarily a rare condition, it was common among gypsy inmates of Auschwitz. One day Lidia's mother sneaked into the children's barracks to bring her daughter food and found her lying unconscious with a high fever. In another entry, apparently referring to having to buy the silence of friends, he wrote "everything in life has a price". This moral obligation also was a motive for him, he said, to offer his cooperation so the past would not be swept under the rug but diagnosed down to its spiritual and historic origins. We may say that the lives of twins had unique existential value in Auschwitz. Rolfs sister-in-law, Sabine Hackenjos, has been acting as a spokeswoman for the family since Rolf Mengele broke years of silence about his father. Unlike other Israelis, who saw the Holocaust as a one-time historical catastrophe, said Shlomo Nakdimon, a prominent Israeli journalist who was close to Begin, Begin believed with all his heart that the lesson of the Holocaust is that the Jewish people must protect themselves in their own country in order to prevent a renewed threat to their existence., Begin thought settling the score with Mengele would show Palestinian leaders (and the Israeli public) that they would have to pay a price for harming Israelis. Mengele married twice, with the second marriage arousing suspicion that he was positioning himself to have a stronger hand in the family business in his hometown of Guenzburg, a Bavarian town of 19,000 nestled at the confluence of the Guenz and Danube Rivers. Mengele recognized that Auschwitz would permit him to pursue his mentor's dream. Asked if she would be willing to speak for an interview, she responded: "We are not interested in contacts with the media." Mengele had died a free man in 1979 while swimming off one of So Paulos beaches. Martha Mengele, now living in Merano, Italy, refused earlier this year to be interviewed by another German news organization. They were never beaten, as one surviving twin explained - even if they were caught in such a normally ''ultimate sin'' as stealing food - because the word was out ''not to ruin us physically.''. After Mengele`s father`s death in 1959, Kelly said three nuns told her the fugitive had returned and hidden himself in a Catholic girls boarding school. On the night of the cease-fire, we pulled back to the west. Mengele the eldest son of Karl and Walburga Mengele, who ran a farm machinery company in the town of Gnzburg in the southern German state of Bavaria studied medicine and anthropology. Dr. Josef Mengele, the cruel staff doctor at Auschwitz death camp, acquired a certain legendary quality even before his death in 1979. The reason, according to Bunte, was that had he He had the strong backing of Verschuer who, in a letter of recommendation, praised his reliability and his capacity for clear verbal presentation of difficult intellectual problems. The surge in terrorism, the surprise Yom Kippur War in 1973 and the Syrian military buildup with Soviet assistance took precedence. The television interview was among a series of gestures that, in an effort to erase the stigma that stains the family name, Rolf Mengele has made since the opening of the grave in a Brazilian cemetery. a 14-year-old girl. The German daily newspaper Die Welt has reported that Rolf visited his father in Brazil in 1977 or 1978. Those who are identified had previously made themselves known in books or other public documents.) He earned a degree in anthropology as well as medicine. The operative asked permission to nab one of those people and torture him to find Mengele. For those who view Rolf`s statements as an attempt to atone for the evil of his father, it must be remembered that they came only after the search for his father began to intensify and reach its conclusion. His powerful commitment to Nazi ideology served as a bridge, a necessary connection between the two. Mengele "could have been born anywhere," said Kppler, who is 83. 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